50 AWS Questions- Must to know

IN TODAY'S EDIT

Interview Q&A:

Basic AWS Questions

1. What is AWS?
   AWS (Amazon Web Services) is a cloud computing platform offering a wide range of services like computing power, storage, and databases on a pay-as-you-go basis.

2. What are the key benefits of AWS?

   • Scalability

   • Flexibility

   • Cost-effectiveness

   • Security

   • High availability

3. What are the main AWS services?

   • Compute (EC2, Lambda)

   • Storage (S3, EBS)

   • Networking (VPC, Route 53)

   • Databases (RDS, DynamoDB)

   • Security (IAM, KMS)

4. What is EC2 in AWS?
   Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud (EC2) provides scalable computing capacity in the cloud to run virtual servers.

5. What is an AMI (Amazon Machine Image)?
   AMI is a pre-configured template that contains the operating system and software needed to launch an EC2 instance.

6. What is the difference between S3 and EBS?

   • S3 (Simple Storage Service): Object storage for any data type.

   • EBS (Elastic Block Store): Block storage for EC2 instances.

7. What is the AWS free tier?
   AWS offers a free tier with limited usage of services for new users, including 750 hours of EC2 and 5GB of S3 storage.

8. What is IAM (Identity and Access Management)?
   IAM is an AWS service used to manage users, roles, and permissions to control access to AWS resources.

9. What are security groups in AWS?
   Security groups act as virtual firewalls to control inbound and outbound traffic for EC2 instances.

10. What is AWS VPC (Virtual Private Cloud)?
    VPC allows you to create an isolated cloud network to launch AWS resources within a defined IP range.

Intermediate AWS Questions

11. What is an Elastic Load Balancer (ELB)?
    ELB distributes incoming traffic across multiple targets (EC2, containers, IPs) to improve availability.

12. What are the types of ELB?

• Application Load Balancer (ALB)

• Network Load Balancer (NLB)

• Classic Load Balancer (CLB)

13. What is Auto Scaling in AWS?
    Auto Scaling automatically adjusts the number of EC2 instances based on demand to ensure optimal performance.

14. What is the difference between RDS and DynamoDB?

• RDS: Managed relational database service (MySQL, PostgreSQL, etc.).

• DynamoDB: NoSQL database with high performance and scalability.

15. How does AWS Lambda work?
    AWS Lambda allows running code without provisioning servers. It triggers functions based on events and scales automatically.

16. What is CloudFormation?
    AWS CloudFormation allows infrastructure as code (IaC), enabling resource deployment through templates.

17. What is AWS CloudWatch?
    CloudWatch monitors AWS resources and applications in real time by collecting logs and metrics.

18. What is AWS Route 53?
    Route 53 is a scalable DNS and domain name registration service with features like routing policies.

19. What is an Elastic IP in AWS?
    An Elastic IP is a static public IP address that can be associated with EC2 instances to allow external access.

20. What is AWS Elastic Beanstalk?
    Elastic Beanstalk is a PaaS offering that helps deploy and manage applications without dealing with infrastructure.

Advanced AWS Questions

21. What is the Shared Responsibility Model in AWS?
    AWS is responsible for security "of" the cloud, while the customer is responsible for security "in" the cloud.

22. What are AWS CloudTrail and its benefits?
    CloudTrail records all API calls made to AWS services, helping with compliance and auditing.

23. How does AWS handle DDoS protection?
    AWS offers services like AWS Shield and WAF to protect against DDoS attacks.

24. What is AWS EKS (Elastic Kubernetes Service)?
    EKS is a managed Kubernetes service to run containerized applications.

25. What is AWS Fargate?
    AWS Fargate is a serverless compute engine for containers, eliminating the need to manage EC2 instances.

26. What is AWS KMS (Key Management Service)?
    KMS helps create and manage cryptographic keys to encrypt and decrypt data securely.

27. Explain AWS Organizations and its benefits.
    AWS Organizations helps manage multiple AWS accounts with consolidated billing and centralized policy management.

28. What is Amazon Redshift?
    Amazon Redshift is a fully managed data warehouse service optimized for analytics workloads.

29. What is AWS Snowball?
    Snowball is a data transport service used for transferring large amounts of data physically to AWS.

30. What is AWS WAF (Web Application Firewall)?
    AWS WAF protects web applications from common web exploits and attacks like SQL injection and cross-site scripting (XSS).

Scenario-Based Questions

31. How would you migrate an on-premises application to AWS?
    Use AWS services like Server Migration Service (SMS) or Database Migration Service (DMS) to migrate workloads.

32. How do you secure an S3 bucket?

• Enable encryption

• Use IAM policies

• Implement bucket policies

• Enable access logging

33. How do you optimize EC2 costs?

• Use Spot Instances

• Right-sizing instances

• Utilize Reserved Instances

• Auto Scaling

34. How would you monitor an EC2 instance's performance?
    Use CloudWatch to track CPU, memory, and disk utilization metrics.

35. What are the best practices for deploying applications on AWS?

• Use Multi-AZ deployment

• Enable monitoring

• Automate deployments with CI/CD

• Implement least privilege access

36. How do you ensure high availability in AWS?

• Use Multi-AZ and Multi-Region deployments

• Implement Auto Scaling

• Use Load Balancers

37. What is AWS Transit Gateway?
    A network transit hub that connects VPCs and on-premises networks.

38. How does AWS handle compliance requirements?
    AWS follows industry standards like GDPR, HIPAA, and ISO certifications.

39. What is AWS Config and its use case?
    AWS Config tracks AWS resource configurations and changes for compliance auditing.

40. How can you back up an AWS environment?
    Use AWS Backup, S3 versioning, and automated snapshots.

Expert-Level AWS Questions

41. Explain the difference between CloudFormation and Terraform.
    CloudFormation is AWS-specific, while Terraform is multi-cloud and vendor-agnostic.

42. How does AWS support microservices architecture?
    Services like ECS, EKS, Lambda, and API Gateway help build and manage microservices.

43. What are AWS Step Functions?
    Step Functions allow building serverless workflows using Lambda functions.

44. What is the use of AWS CodePipeline?
    It automates the CI/CD process for application deployments.

45. How do you troubleshoot networking issues in AWS?
    Use tools like VPC Flow Logs, CloudWatch, and traceroute.

46. What is Amazon Cognito used for?
    It provides user authentication and authorization for web and mobile applications.

47. What is AWS Glue?
    AWS Glue is a fully managed ETL service used to prepare and transform data.

48. What is the difference between an Edge Location and an Availability Zone?
    Edge Locations are for content delivery (CloudFront), while Availability Zones are data centers within regions.

49. How can you automate AWS infrastructure?
    Use CloudFormation, Terraform, and Ansible.

50. What is AWS Control Tower?
    AWS Control Tower provides governance and compliance across multiple AWS accounts.

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